Cervical Cancer (Cervical Cancer) is a malignant tumor that grows in the neck of the womb / cervix (the lowest part of the uterus attached to the top of the vagina.
Cervical cancer usually affects women aged 35-55 years. 90% of cervical cancers are from squamous cells lining the cervix and the remaining 10% comes from mucus-producing gland cells in the cervical channel leading into the uterus.
CAUSE
Cervical cancer occurs when cervical cells become abnormal and divide uncontrollably.If the cervical cells continue to divide it will form a mass of tissue called a tumor can be benign or malignant. If the tumor is malignant, then the condition is called cervical cancer.
The cause of abnormalities in cervical cells are not known for certain, but there are some risk factors that influence the occurrence of cervical cancer:
1. HPV (human papillomavirus)HPV is the virus that causes genital warts (condyloma akuminata) that is transmitted through sexual intercourse. Variant that is very dangerous is HPV types 16, 18, 45 and 56.
2. SmokeTobacco damage the immune system and affect the body's ability to fight HPV infection in the cervix.
3. First sexual intercourse at an early age
4. Sexual promiscuity
5. Husband / sexual partner at first sexual intercourse under 18 years of age, multiple sexual partners and had married a woman suffering from cervical cancer
6. The use of DES (diethylstilbestrol) in pregnant women to prevent miscarriage (widely used in the year 1940 to 1970)
7. Immune system disorders
8. Pill
9. Infection of genital herpes or chronic chlamydia infections
10. The economically weak (because it is not capable of doing Pap smears on a regular basis).
Treatment for cervical cancer
Selection of treatment for cervical cancer depends on the location and tumor size, disease stage, age, general state of the patient and the patient plans to become pregnant again.
1. Surgery
In carcinoma in situ (cancer confined to the outermost layer of the cervix), the cancer often can be removed with the aid of a scalpel or by LEEP.With such treatment, patients can still have a child.Because cancer can recur, it is recommended to undergo re-examination and Pap smear every 3 months during the 1st year and thereafter every 6 months.If the patient does not have a plan to get pregnant again, it is recommended to undergo hysterectomy.
In invasive cancer, a hysterectomy and removal of surrounding structures (the procedure is called a radical hysterectomy), and lymph nodes.In young women, the ovaries (ovaries) are functioning normally and still not lifted.
2. Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) is effective for treating invasive cancers are still confined to the pelvic area.In radiotherapy used high-energy rays to damage cancer cells and stop its growth.There are two kinds of radiotherapy:- External radiation: berasar rays from a large machinePatients do not need to be hospitalized, irradiation is usually done as much as 5 days / week for 5-6 weeks.- Internal radiation: the radioactive substance contained in a capsule is inserted directly into the cervix.This capsule is left for 1-3 days and during that patients treated in hospital. This treatment can be repeated several times for 1-2 weeks.Side effects from radiation therapy are:- Irritation of the rectum and vagina- Damage to the bladder and rectum- Ovaries stop functioning.
3. Chemotherapy
If the cancer has spread beyond the pelvis, is sometimes recommended to undergo chemotherapy. In the chemotherapy drugs used to kill cancer cells.Anti-cancer drugs can be administered via intravenous injection or by mouth.
Chemotherapy is given in a cycle, it means a period of treatment interspersed with periods of recovery, and treatment, interspersed with recovery premises, and so on.
4. Biological Therapy
In biologic therapy used substances to improve the immune system to fight disease.Conducted on biological therapy of cancer that has spread to other body parts.The most commonly used is interferon, which can be combined with chemotherapy.
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